what does right to the city mean in urban politics

Idea that a city as a co-created space should be reclaimed

Poor children from a demolished structure workers' slum look at their well-to-do neighbours in Hyderabad

The right to the metropolis is an idea and a slogan kickoff proposed by Henri Lefebvre in his 1968 book Le Droit à la Ville .^{[one] [2]} This idea has been taken up more than recently past social movements, thinkers, and certain progressive local regime as a call to activeness to reclaim the city equally a co-created space: a identify for life detached from the growing furnishings that commodification and commercialism are proposed to have had over social interaction and the rise of posited spatial inequalities in worldwide cities throughout the last 2 centuries.^[3]

Overview [edit]

In his beginning inception of the concept, Lefebvre paid specific emphasis on the effects that commercialism had over "the city", whereby urban life was downgraded into a commodity, social interaction became increasingly uprooted and urban space and governance were turned into exclusive goods.^[iv] In opposition to this trend, Lefebvre raised a call to "rescue the denizen as main element and protagonist of the city that he himself had congenital" and to transform urban space into "a meeting point for building commonage life".^[4]

Due to the inequalities produced by the rapid increase of the world urban population in virtually regions of the earth, the concept of the right to the urban center has been recalled on several occasions since the publication of Lefebvre'south book as a call to action by social movements and grassroots organizations. In their appeal for "their correct to the city", local mobilizations around the world ordinarily refer to their struggle for social justice and dignified access to urban life to face growing urban inequalities (especially in large metropolitan areas). The right to the metropolis has had a item influence in Latin America and Europe, where social movements have peculiarly appealed to the concept in their actions and promoted local instruments for advancing its concrete understanding in terms of policy-making at the local and even national level.^{[5] [six]} A good proof on how the notion of right to the metropolis has gained international recognition in the last years could be seen in the United nations' Habitat III process, and how the New Urban Agenda (2016) recognized the concept equally the vision of "cities for all".^[7]

Lefebvre summarizes the idea as a "need...[for] a transformed and renewed access to urban life".^{[8] [9]} David Harvey described it equally follows:

The right to the city is far more than than the individual liberty to access urban resource: it is a right to alter ourselves by changing the city. It is, moreover, a mutual rather than an individual correct since this transformation inevitably depends upon the practice of a collective ability to reshape the processes of urbanization. The freedom to brand and remake our cities and ourselves is, I desire to argue, one of the near precious yet most neglected of our human rights.^[x]

Recent popular movements [edit]

Abahlali baseMjondolo assembly

The Poor People's Alliance outside the Ramble Court in Johannesburg in 2009

A number of popular movements, such as the shack dwellers' motion Abahlali baseMjondolo in South Africa,^[11] the Right to the City Brotherhood in the United States,^[12] Recht auf Stadt,^[13] a network of squatters, tenants and artists in Hamburg, and various movements in Asia and Latin America,^[14] have incorporated the idea of the right to the metropolis into their struggles.

In Brazil the 2001 City Statute wrote the Correct to the City into federal law.^[xv]

More recently, scholars accept proposed a 'Digital Right to the City',^{[sixteen] [17]} which involves thinking about the urban center as not but bricks and mortar, but also digital code and information.^[18]

Migrants' and refugees' right to the city [edit]

Concluding year, inspired by the migrants' and refugees' squats in the center of the cities (like Athens refugee squats and other european cities) created a renewed interest on the correct to the city. According to Tsavdaroglou and Kaika (2021) in the case of Athens "the refugees' practices for collective production of alternative housing (due east.g. clandestine squats) share many characteristics in common with what Lefebvre identified every bit claiming the right to the city: namely, freedom and socialisation, cribbing confronting private property, dwelling house. Claiming liberty, many of the refugees refuse to accept the spaces allocated to them in state-run camps at the city'due south outskirts every bit their living spaces, and relocate to the city heart. In search of alternative forms of habitation, they enact cribbing against individual property institutions and practices, which frequently have the form of squats of abandoned buildings in the city centre in collaboration with local solidarity groups. Once occupied, these buildings get novel forms of habitation with potent elements of commoning and cohabitation. Hundreds of newcomers experiment with these forms of co-living and togetherness, often together with local and European activists. Apart from meeting housing needs, these housing forms go significant tools for refugees to participate in the urban social and political life. Therefore, though precarious, vulnerable and imperceptible, these new forms of cohabitation produced by refugees claim a correct to the city; they act, 'cry and need' (Lefebvre, 1996 [1968]: 173) freedom of movement, cribbing of housing, cohabitation and commonage participation in a 'renewed urban life' (Lefebvre, 1996 [1968]: 158). Given these characteristics, we debate that the Lefebvrian concept of the correct to the city is most appropriate for understanding and explaining the refugees' self-organised housing practices."^[nineteen]

Women's right to the city [edit]

The urban grade of cities is gendered,^{[ citation needed ]} and feminist scholars^{[ who? ]} have argued that the right to the city needs to be understood in gendered terms. For instance in São Paulo, 1 in every iii women over the age of 16 has experienced some sort of sexual violence.

Criticism [edit]

The growing popularity of the concept has nonetheless raised some criticism and concerns on how the original vision of Henri Lefevbre could be reduced to a "citizenship vision", focused on the mere implementation of social and economical rights in the city leaving aside its transformatory nature and the concept of social disharmonize behind the original concept.^{[twenty] [21]} Marcelo Lopes de Souza has for instance argued that as the correct to the metropolis has go "fashionable these days", "the price of this has frequently been the trivialisation and corruption of Lefebvre's concept"^[22] and called for fidelity to the original radical meaning of the idea.

See as well [edit]

• Human being Rights City
• Progressivism

References [edit]

1. ^ Purcell, Mark (October 2002). "Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant". GeoJournal. 58 (2–3): 99–108. CiteSeerX10.i.1.357.4200. doi:10.1023/B:GEJO.0000010829.62237.8f. JSTOR 41147756. S2CID 18096395. Pdf.
2. ^ Unger, Knut (fourteen February 2009). ""Right to the City" as a response to the crisis: "Convergence" or difference of urban social movements?". Reclaiming Spaces. Archived from the original on 10 March 2012.
3. ^ "David Harvey: The Correct to the City. New Left Review 53, September-October 2008". newleftreview.org . Retrieved 2018-06-fourteen .
4. ^ ^{a b} Swing, Capitán. "El derecho a la ciudad | Capitán Swing". capitanswing.com (in European Castilian). Retrieved 2018-06-fourteen .
5. ^ "Competitive Metropolises and the Prospects for Spatial Justice | CISDP". www.uclg-cisdp.org . Retrieved 2018-06-fourteen .
6. ^ "What Is The Right to the Metropolis? | RioOnWatch". www.rioonwatch.org. sixteen October 2013. Retrieved 2018-06-fourteen .
7. ^ Colau, Ada (2016-10-20). "Subsequently Habitat Three: a stronger urban future must be based on the right to the city". the Guardian . Retrieved 2018-06-fourteen .
8. ^ Lefebvre, Henri (1996), "The right to the urban center", in Kofman, Eleonore; Lebas, Elizabeth (eds.), Writings on cities, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 158, ISBN9780631191889.
9. ^ Attoh, Kafui (October 2011). "What kind of right is the right to the metropolis?". Progress in Human Geography. 35 (5): 669–685. doi:x.1177/0309132510394706. S2CID 144977403.
10. ^ Harvey, David (September–October 2008). "The correct to the city". New Left Review. II (53): 23–forty.
11. ^ Abahlali_3 (17 January 2013). "S'bu Zikode & Richard Pithouse debating Pallo Hashemite kingdom of jordan on the Record of the ANC – Oslo, 22 November 2012". abahlali.org. Abahlali baseMjondolo. (Campaigns and Statements on The Right to the City.)
12. ^ Leavitt, Jackie; Roshan Samara, Tony; Brady, Marnie (Autumn 2009). "The Right to the Urban center Alliance: time to democratize urban governance (blog)". Progressive Planning, Planners Network. Archived from the original on 2010-04-29.
13. ^ Staff writer (2011). "Congress theses on The Right to the City". wiki.rechtaufstadt.net. Recht Auf Stadt.
14. ^ Mayer, Margit (2012), "The "correct to the metropolis" in urban social movements", in Brenner, Neil; Marcuse, Peter; Mayer, Margit (eds.), Cities for people not for profit: critical urban theory & the correct to the city, New York: Routledge, pp. 63–85, ISBN9780415601771.
15. ^ Staff writer (14 October 2011). "Implementing the Correct to the City in Brazil". sustainablecitiescollective.com. Sustainable Cities Collective.
16. ^ Joe Shaw and Mark Graham (15 Feb 2017). "Our Digital Rights to the City". meatspacepress.org. Meatspace Press.
17. ^ Foth, Marcus; Brynskov, Martin; Ojala, Timo (2015). Denizen's Right to the Digital City: Urban Interfaces, Activism, and Placemaking. Singapore: Springer. ISBN9789812879172.
18. ^ Shaw, Joe; Graham, Marking (February 2017). "An Informational Correct to the City? Code, Content, Control, and the Urbanization of Information". Antipode. 49 (four): 907–927. doi:ten.1111/anti.12312.
19. ^ Tsavdaroglou, Charalampos; Kaika, Maria (March 2021). "The refugees' right to the eye of the city: Urban center branding versus city commoning in Athens". Urban Studies. doi:10.1177/0042098021997009.
20. ^ Delgado, Manuel (2018-03-nineteen). "Elogio y rescate de Henri Lefebvre". El País (in Castilian). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 2018-06-14 .
21. ^ Gorgens, Tristan; van Donk, Mirjam (2011). "From bones needs towards socio-spatial transformation: coming to grips with the 'Right to the City' for the urban poor in South Africa". isandla.org.za. The Isandla Institute. Pdf.
22. ^ Lopes de Souza, Marcelo (May 2010). "Which right to which metropolis? In defense of political-strategic clarity". Interface. 2 (1): 315–333. Pdf. Archived 2012-01-19 at the Wayback Motorcar

Further reading [edit]

• Samara, Tony Roshan (June 2007). "Grassroots organizing: Right to the metropolis". Z Mag. 20 (6). Archived from the original on June 2007.

External links [edit]

• World Charter for the Right to the City (PDF)z
• Earth Charter for the Right to the Urban center (HTML)
• Proposal for a Charter for Women'due south Correct to the City
• Proposals and Experiencies towards the Right to the City, Ana Sugranyes and Charlotte Mathivet (editors) 03-16-2010

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_the_city

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